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4 Things to Know about Drug Testing if You are on Probation

Sunday, December 26th, 2010

There is such a thing as the revocation of parole for committing a new crime. Authors George Cole and Christopher Smith of the book ‘Criminal Justice in America’ cited what was written in ‘What Americans Think’, that is, the fact that there is strong support given to the possibility of sending back parolees to prison once they fail drug testing.

If you are currently on probation (or a parolee) then you would certainly have questions about this procedure. In this regard, it pays to take a look at the following facts about drug testing if you are on probation:

# 1 – Drug testing for parolees is made for a purpose.

It is more than just that aspect of sending a parolee back to prison if they failed the drug test. Drug screening when you are on probation is purposely done by the parole agent to supplement the aspects of support and control as parts of parole supervision. As cited by a report published via CDCR by the State of California Department of the Youth Authority, the primary intention of the test is to increase public safety and reduce the parolee’s criminal behavior.

In the report made by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, it was noted that in 1998, there were 7 out of 10 inmates who were tested positive for drug use. This is quite alarming as we all know since drug use may result to other crimes such as theft, robbery and even drug trafficking.

# 2 – Parole drug testing policies may vary from one state to another

Just recently, California eases its parole process by no longer conducting random drug tests among parolees. According to Thomas Atkins of the Associated Press in his article published via CorrectionsOne, the budget crisis in the place was one factor that affected the need to loosen up a bit on parole provision. One aspect that was sacrificed is the need to conduct random drug testing on parolees.

While this is the case in this state, it is not the same thing for parolees of Texas and Rhode Island. In Texas alone, parolees have seen the positive aspect of drug testing thus making sure that it is imposed in the state. In the case of Rhode Island, regular drug testing for parolees is also being required. Basically, the PO supervises the process closely and contacts family members, employers or all others concerned just to make sure that the purpose of the test will be delivered.

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# 3 – False positive results may transpire during the course of the drug testing process.

Several drug testing methods may be used when you are on probation. The most popular ones are urine, sweat, hair and saliva drug tests. While these methods are supported by new drug testing technologies, you should take note that false positive results may take place. A false positive result is one wherein you are tested positive for a drug use when in fact you have not used an illicit drug.

As mentioned by Diane Riley in her article entitled Drug Testing for Prisons, these false positives may result from one’s intake of allergy and asthma medications. When the urine method is used, switching of urine specimen (from ‘unadulterated’ to ‘adulterated urine) may also be the case. This happens when someone else in the prison wants to make sure your parole will be revoked.

# 4 – Sanctions will be given in case your drug test shows positive results.

Immediate revocation of parole is the toughest sanction you can face when you are tested positive for drug use. Add to this, the Probation and Parole Bureau of the Department of Corrections also specifies the following sanctions for offenders:

  • Minimum sanctions for first-time offenders. This will include one-three days in jail at own expense, restricted travel, curfew, community service and day reporting program.
  • Second-time offenders. The sanctions will include electronic monitoring, one to five days in jail, restricted travel, increased reporting, increased testing, curfew, community service and day reporting.
  • Third-time offenders. Sanctions will increase to: (1) 7 days in jail at own expense; (2) 90 AA’s in 90 days; (3) day reporting; and (4) intermittent jail which may include weekends in prison.

Now that you have known some facts about probation drug testing, it will be easier submitting yourself to the test. If in case you will have false positive results, elevate your concern to proper authorities.

This Article is written by Lena Butler, contributor of Test Country Articles.

4 Reasons Why Hair Testing Has Become More Popular

Thursday, July 15th, 2010

Every year, the use of illegal drugs wrecks lives, breaks homes and marriages and even leads to death. Drug problems have become so prevalent all over the world, with new designer illegal drugs appearing often that it becomes difficult to keep track of both users and abusers.

Companies and schools have, to help combat drug abuse, started using drug tests to determine which students or employees are guilty of using illegal drugs. Some people might think that these tests are an invasion of privacy but it cannot be discounted that drug testing can help the society combat a rampant drug problem. And, while urine testing is, to date, the most popular form of drug testing available around the world, hair testing is fast catching up because of its reliability and accuracy. Below are just some of the more important reasons why hair testing is becoming the drug test of choice in companies and schools around the world.

1. Hair testing has a longer detection window. According to the book A Guide to Assessments that Work by John Hunsley, Eric J. Mash, hair contains drug residue in its full length and stays there for months or even years. Drugs can pass into the hair follicle through several ways. First, illegal drugs can diffuse into the hair follicle through blood. Second, they can transfer from your sweat onto the sebum that coats the hair. Third, drugs can pass directly from your skin to your hair.

2. Hair testing can be used to determine drug use history of a person. In a theoretical model discussed by Pascal Kintz in his book Drug Testing In Hair, the illegal drugs that were taken by a user are absorbed into the blood stream and then trapped within the hair during the hair’s growth phase. When the hair grows from the scalp, the drug residue form bonds that are the same concentration that was present when hair was formed. This, then, can give examiners a relatively accurate representation of the amount and number of times that illegal drugs were used.

3. Even if a person abstains from drugs, traces of illegal drugs can still be detected in hair. Because drugs stays within the hair shaft, even if a drug abuser stops taking drugs for a short time, hair testing can determine when he last took the drugs and how long he has abstained from them. Drug abusers, therefore, cannot cheat through hair testing by staying clean for a few weeks or even a month.

4. It’s harder to cheat with hair testing. The usual methods for cheating in urine drug tests, such as tampering and dilution will not work with hair tests. Some people have tried shampooing, bleaching and dyeing their hair to try to pass hair testing, but with minimal or unsuccessful results. The Google Book excerpt from Analytical and Practical Aspects of Drug Testing in Hair reveal that these cheating methods only lowered the concentration of the drugs within the hair follicle or hair shaft, and still retained the presence of drug residue in hair.

One surefire way to combat the rising problem of illegal drugs is to have schools and office use drug tests to detect drug abuse. While urine tests have become the automatic choice for most, it’s advisable to look at hair testing as a good alternative because of its accuracy and depth of coverage.

This Article is written by Lena Butler, contributor of Test Country Articles.

What is JWH018? Myths and Facts

Monday, May 24th, 2010

The proliferation of various articles and not-so-credible researches in the Internet about JWH-018 is causing uncertainty among herbal blend users and other concerned citizens. For those who are not knowledgeable, they would often confuse facts from myths and vice versa. Some researchers would claim that certain amounts of JWH018 found in incensed drugs cause some adverse effects that can harm the human body. Other reports say that it is not entirely dangerous resulting to a more confusing and vague information about JWH018.
synthetic drug banner

Brief History of JWH018

Dr. John W. Huffman, a research professor at Clemson University, first synthesized JWH018 thus taking its name from his initials. It was first used as a tool to study the cannabinoid system. It was intentionally formed to recreate the effects of Marijuana (Cannabis Sativa L). Its appearance is usually in white powder or solid form and produces effects similar to smoking Cannabis such as:  sleepiness, relaxation, decrease blood pressure, hallucinations and delusions to name a few.

Myths VS Facts

Here are some common misconceptions about JWH018 and quick facts to bust them.

Myth: “If you see a dark brown JHW018, it is a fake.”

Fact: A dark brown-colored JWH018 is in truth its raw form.

JWH018 is most commonly distributed in a white solid or powder form in the market leading to misunderstanding that any other color is labeled as a fake, which is actually not true. It appears darker because it is denser. However, after processing, it changes its color drastically. Some evidences actually show that its flakes and crystallized forms appear in lighter colors after grinding, which originally came from a dark solid JWH018. In addition, a pure white JWH018 turns to yellow when highly oxidized.

Myth: “JWH018 is a synthetic THC.”

Fact: It is not a synthetic THC, but actually an amino alkylindole.

JWH018 is a part of the amino alkylindole family. However, it has a binding affinity towards CB1 and CB2 receptors the same as how THC or other cannabinoids work. THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), which is responsible for the psychoactive effects in the brain and body, is the main active substance found in Marijuana. Because JWH018’s pharmacologic mechanism is quite similar to THC, it produces the same effects as smoking Cannabis. Aside from that, its structure is distinct and in no way similar to the structure of THC or any cannabinoid you know.

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Synthetic Drug Tests

Myth: “JWH-018 can be medically used for therapeutic effect.”

Fact:  It is not licensed for medical applications.

Although some users claim that they experience analgesic effects from taking the substance, no clinical studies can prove otherwise. It is not right to claim that JWH018 has therapeutic use when there are no scientific results to back it.

Myth: “JWH018 has no potential for abuse.”

Fact: It actually has mild to high tolerance acquisition.

In reality, users of JWH018 exhibit rapid decrease in response to the drug after repeated doses in just 3 days. In effect, a larger dose is needed to achieve the same effect when taken the first time. If this continues, a built drug tolerance may result to uncontrollable increase in amounts of JWH018 required to get high. This may eventually lead to drug abuse and overdose.

Myth: “Any form of drug tests cannot detect JWH018.”

Fact:  It can still be detected by drug test if specifically identified.

Many of the users have claimed that JWH018 was not found when they took drug tests. This is because drug tests seek THC or cannabinoid metabolites and antibodies to test positive. Since JWH018 has a different chemical structure as the substances mentioned, it would indeed give a negative result. However, if drug-testing authorities know exactly the specific structure of JWH018, then it is still possible to detect it. The issue also lies on when is the user tested. This is because JWH018 has a half-life of 2 hours before leaving the body.

The web is a good marketing outlet. So, it is not surprising to come across some false statements and claims in order to sell. Remember, myths do not have proofs while facts always have basis and evidences. In order to distinguish between myths and facts, validating and confirming the credibility of your resources comes first. There are lot of information available, but be sure to believe only the truth and nothing else.

This Article is written by Lena Butler, contributor of Test Country Articles.

Urine Adulteration Strips Review

Thursday, December 3rd, 2009

1276_medHome drug tests have become popular among employers who want an affordable and fast way to detect drug use among applicants and employees. The problem with these home drug tests that use urine sampling, however, is that these samples can be tampered with to display negative or invalid results. This problem can be solved, though, by using Urine Adulteration Strips.

Urine Adulteration Strips are a one-step, semi-quantitative color comparison screen that can detect the levels of adulterants such as Creatinine, Nitrite, Glutaraldehyde, pH, Specific Gravity, Oxidant and Pyridinium Chlorochromate in urine samples. It is best to use these strips to make sure that your urine sample is ready to pass a drug screening test.

Chemically treated reagent pads are contained in the Urine Adulteration Strips, which change color when activated. To use, simply dip the strip in a fresh, well-mixed urine sample and immediately remove it from the sample to avoid contamination. Put the edge of the strip on absorbent material to avoid mixing with other chemicals or reagents.
You will find out whether the urine sample has been adulterated or diluted in within 5 minutes–just compare the color on the strip with the colors on the container color chart.

Drug screening is an important step to combating drug use and abuse. Take this even further by using Urine Adulteration Strips to make sure that no cheating is involved in your drug screening.

Oratect Saliva Drug Test Review

Thursday, December 3rd, 2009

1674_medIt’s difficult collecting sample urine for drug testing because most people find urine drug tests too invasive and embarrassing to do. The Oratect Saliva Drug Test, however, makes drug screening quick, painless, and less humiliating for everyone.

The Oratect Saliva Drug Test is an onsite swab test that can detect up to 6 different illegal substances, including Marijuana, Amphetamines, Methamphetamines (including Ecstasy), Cocaine, Opiates (including Heroin) and Benzodiazepines.

To use, just remove the blue cap from the drug testing device, swab the inside of the cheek and the top and bottom of the tongue about 15 times. Then, the swab drug test device should be held under the tongue for it to absorb saliva. Results are seen within 5 minutes–the presence of colored lines indicate negative results, while the absence of lines indicate presumptive positive results.

Because it can detect drugs at lower concentrations than other drug testing kits, the highly accurate Oratect Saliva Drug Test can determine a larger number of illegal substance abusers. It also deters sample adulteration and tampering, since it makes use of saliva instead of urine. The Oratect Saliva Drug Test is also more hygienic, avoids gender observation and requires minimal supervision for sample collection, making drug testing an easy, convenient, one-step procedure for everyone.



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Answers, comments, information, articles and opinions provided on all TestCountry related webpages are general information, and are not intended to substitute for informed professional medical, psychiatric, counseling, psychological, or other professional advice. You should not use the information on TestCountry for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, or prescribing any medication or other treatment. You should always speak with your physician or other healthcare professional before taking any medication or nutritional, herbal or homeopathic supplement, rehabilitation or detoxification from any substance abuse or adopting any treatment for a health or drug problem.

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