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Archive for the ‘School & Teenage Drug Testing’ Category

Should Teens be screened for Drug Use?

Monday, January 9th, 2012

According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), teens are very vulnerable to drug abuse. Despite its ongoing issue on privacy and ethics, schools and supporting organizations have find it necessary to conduct drug testing among teens to prevent drug abuse, help addicted teens recover from drug addiction by referring them to effective drug treatment programs, and assess misconduct in terms of unexpected criminal and sexual assault between teenagers.

Furthermore, NIDA asserts that drug testing does not aim to “punish students who are caught positive” during the test. Drug testing on teens that are conducted by schools basically serve as a preventive measure that gives students reason to resist peer pressure as well as identify and help addicted students to their full recovery until they are drug-free.  Likewise, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) strongly recommends that adolescents should routinely be screened for illicit substance abuse as well as HIV. Record in 2006 show that there were more than 1.1 million people who are living in the United States are HIV-positive and most are also associated with drug abuse. While drug testing helps assess positive students, AAP also aims to provide adequate treatment and support to teens who are suffering from the illness.

Following established models in schools, drug testing on teens can be administered based on reasonable suspicion, post-accident testing, random drug testing, mandatory drug testing, and follow-up drug testing. Drug testing is also administered during sports events where athletes are prone to abusing prescription drugs to enhance performance such as steroids.  A drug test can be done in three ways which include urine drug test, saliva test, and hair follicle test.

The National Institute on Drug abuse consistently conduct drug testing on teens annually as part of the National Institute of Health and US Department’s goal to assess drug addiction among youth with age 12 and above. Drug testing basically tests for a panel of drugs which include marijuana, cocaine, opioids, amphetamines, PCP, MDMA, GHB, and steroids. Likewise, a concern parent can also perform drug testing at home using drug test kits in order to asses drug use while it is not yet too late.

In the 2011, there were 400 public and private schools which participated the Monitoring the Future Survey (MTF) of which 46, 773 students were screened for drug use. According to the latest survey by NIDA, teen addiction has consequently dropped by year, however; its prevalence in the society still needs attention. In 2008, the 47 percent of teens who were found to use drugs by the time they finish high school, encourage drug abuse organizations to continue conducting drug testing on teens.

NIDA, however; help supports one of the world’s largest research on teen drug abuse by providing programs and improving practices that minimize teen drug addiction. The organization strongly acknowledges the effects of drug abuse to interfere the person’s ability to think, learn, while it also disrupts the teaching environment affecting other students as well.

Cigarette and Alcohol Use drops among teens but Marijuana and Prescription Drugs Abuse are still at High

Monday, December 19th, 2011

According to the latest annual survey by Monitoring the Future (MTF) the number of teenagers abusing cigarette and alcohol has relatively drop on its lowest point this year. However, the constant high rate of teens abusing marijuana and other prescription drugs had been appalling.

The survey was conducted among the 10th and 12th graders of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor with the funding support by the National Institute on Drug Abuse. According to the survey which was done in classrooms, there was a historic drop of cigarette use among 12th-graders; from the highest rate of 36.5 percent in 1997 to 18.7 percent reported cigarette use in the past month. On the other hand, only 6.1 percent of 8th-graders admitted smoking cigarettes which is the lowest record since the highest rate of 21 percent in 1996 and 8.7 in 2006.

The significant drop of cigarette use among teenagers was good news, but authorities were not satisfied with the result. The steady increase of marijuana use and other drugs, especially Ks2 and spice as well as the constant abuse on prescription drugs like Vicodin and Aderall has encouraged authorities to improve efforts on dealing with the prevalence of drug abuse.

According to the survey, from 31.5 percent of 12th- graders who admitted marijuana use in the past years, the rate rose to 34 percent as of 2011; 6.6 of which admitted daily use which is an increase from the 5 percent record in 2006. Abuse of Vicodin was also found at 8.1 percent among 12th- graders, similar to the rate back in 2010. Although there was a decline among the 10th graders from 7.7 percent in 2010 to 5.9 in 2011, there was no reported decline for the use of Oxycontin. Furthermore, recreational use of ADHD prescription drugs known as Aderall and Ritalin among 12th-graders was shown to be at 6.5 and 2.6 percent.

This instance has brought up a great concern to Dr. Nora D. Volkow, director of the national Institute on Drug Abuse saying that there should be a greater effort to maintain drug prevention efforts among teens with special focus on tobacco and prescription drugs.

Gil Kerlikowske, director of National Drug Control Policy, also acknowledged the indispensable role of parents in teaching their kids about the adverse effects of K2 and spice. These two drugs are actually forms of synthetic cannabis which mimics the effect of a real marijuana smoke but can be very dangerous when abused daily.

Meanwhile, NIDA is launching an updated prescription drug section namely “PEERx” in their official website so that teens can view interactive videos and articles which are made to influence the youth’s decision making on drug and substance abuse. Teens, on the other hand, are free to provide feedback through Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, or email. This is also one of NIDAS’ great efforts to educate and interact to a wider variety of people about the dangers of drug abuse.

MTF is one of the three major surveys conducted to assess the rate of drug abuse among teens. The survey was also sponsored by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration which is one source of statistical data on teen drug abuse. NIDA, on the other hand, supports various researches that mainly focus on drug abuse among teenagers especially those who are at 8th to 12th grade.

http://www.justice.gov/dea/pubs/pressrel/pr121411.html

Teens and Drugs: How to know if Your Kid is Using Drugs

Monday, November 7th, 2011

There are different types of drugs. There are those that heal and make us better, and there are illegal drugs that can destroy us. These illegal drugs are harmful to our health but people take them because they believe they can get pleasure from using them. For some reason, these illegal drugs always end up in schools for teens to try. According to statistics, more than 60% of teens said that drugs were used, sold, and kept at their school.

Teens are prone to using illegal drugs for different reasons. Here are some of the reasons found to influence them into trying drugs:

  • Feels that drugs will help them think better, become popular, stay active, or become better athletes.
  • Teens use drugs because they want to escape their problems and they feel they are depressed.
  • Peer pressure. They cannot say no because they don’t want to be rejected, or lose their friends. Sometimes, it’s because they don’t know how to get out of the situation once they are offered drugs.
  • Teens use drugs to get their parents’ attention.

Illegal drugs are really popular among teens. They use it at parties together with alcohol. Some try it while others get addicted to drugs because of the “high” these substances bring. Here are some of the drugs that teens are usually exposed to and their effects.

Alcohol – This is considered a depressant. When large volumes are consumed, it alters judgement, perception, emotions, and senses. It is said that alcohol kills 6.5 times more youth than all other illicit drugs combined.

Marijuana – This is considered the “gateway drug” because trying it may lead to trying other substances. This is the most widely used illegal drug in the U.S., it comes in dried leaf form and can be consumed by smoking, inhaling, or mixed in food. Users experience different trips but mostly they feel slow and happy.

Cocaine – This comes in white powdered form and often snorted. Users feel intense power and energy often lasting 15-30 minutes. Taking the drug may cause a heart attack because it elevates heart rate and breathing.

Depressants – These are called downers because they calm and reduce angry feelings. Large amounts of these might stop a person’s breathing, may be fatal when mixed with alcohol.

Other drugs include: Amphetamine, Ketamine, Heroin, Cough and Cold medicines, Ecstacy (MDMA), Inhalants, LSD, Metamphetamine, Rohypnol (date rape drug) and Nicotine.

It is hard to say if your teen is taking drugs but there are ways to find out. If a parent suspects her child of drug use, look out for signs first before ambushing your child to do a drug test. Potential signs of drug use include withdrawal from family and friends, drastic mood swings, change in sleep cycle, change in crowd, attitude with friends changed for the worse, cutting classes and drop in grades, sneaking out of the house, hiding things from elders, blood shot eyes, finding paraphernalia in the room, and clothing that advocates drugs.

Some of the signs may indicate normal teen moods like change in sleeping patterns. For parents to have peace of mind over their child’s health, sit down and talk to them about getting tested. Use drug testing kits if you want their drug history analyzed, or use home drug test kits that give results in minutes. These kits usually need a urine sample for testing.

Source:

http://www.dosomething.org/tipsandtools/11-shocking-facts-about-teens-and-drug-use

http://www.teenzeen.org/teen-drug-signs.html

http://www.thecoolspot.org/peer_pressure2.asp

http://kidshealth.org/teen/drug_alcohol/drugs/know_about_drugs.html#

What is JWH018? Myths and Facts

Monday, May 24th, 2010

The proliferation of various articles and not-so-credible researches in the Internet about JWH-018 is causing uncertainty among herbal blend users and other concerned citizens. For those who are not knowledgeable, they would often confuse facts from myths and vice versa. Some researchers would claim that certain amounts of JWH018 found in incensed drugs cause some adverse effects that can harm the human body. Other reports say that it is not entirely dangerous resulting to a more confusing and vague information about JWH018.

Synthetic Marijuana Testing

Brief History of JWH018

Dr. John W. Huffman, a research professor at Clemson University, first synthesized JWH018 thus taking its name from his initials. It was first used as a tool to study the cannabinoid system. It was intentionally formed to recreate the effects of Marijuana (Cannabis Sativa L). Its appearance is usually in white powder or solid form and produces effects similar to smoking Cannabis such as:  sleepiness, relaxation, decrease blood pressure, hallucinations and delusions to name a few.

Myths VS Facts

Here are some common misconceptions about JWH018 and quick facts to bust them.

Myth: “If you see a dark brown JHW018, it is a fake.”

Fact: A dark brown-colored JWH018 is in truth its raw form.

JWH018 is most commonly distributed in a white solid or powder form in the market leading to misunderstanding that any other color is labeled as a fake, which is actually not true. It appears darker because it is denser. However, after processing, it changes its color drastically. Some evidences actually show that its flakes and crystallized forms appear in lighter colors after grinding, which originally came from a dark solid JWH018. In addition, a pure white JWH018 turns to yellow when highly oxidized.

Myth: “JWH018 is a synthetic THC.”

Fact: It is not a synthetic THC, but actually an amino alkylindole.

JWH018 is a part of the amino alkylindole family. However, it has a binding affinity towards CB1 and CB2 receptors the same as how THC or other cannabinoids work. THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), which is responsible for the psychoactive effects in the brain and body, is the main active substance found in Marijuana. Because JWH018’s pharmacologic mechanism is quite similar to THC, it produces the same effects as smoking Cannabis. Aside from that, its structure is distinct and in no way similar to the structure of THC or any cannabinoid you know.

Myth: “JWH-018 can be medically used for therapeutic effect.”

Fact:  It is not licensed for medical applications.

Although some users claim that they experience analgesic effects from taking the substance, no clinical studies can prove otherwise. It is not right to claim that JWH018 has therapeutic use when there are no scientific results to back it.

Myth: “JWH018 has no potential for abuse.”

Fact: It actually has mild to high tolerance acquisition.

In reality, users of JWH018 exhibit rapid decrease in response to the drug after repeated doses in just 3 days. In effect, a larger dose is needed to achieve the same effect when taken the first time. If this continues, a built drug tolerance may result to uncontrollable increase in amounts of JWH018 required to get high. This may eventually lead to drug abuse and overdose.

Myth: “Any form of drug tests cannot detect JWH018.”

Fact:  It can still be detected by drug test if specifically identified.

Many of the users have claimed that JWH018 was not found when they took drug tests. This is because drug tests seek THC or cannabinoid metabolites and antibodies to test positive. Since JWH018 has a different chemical structure as the substances mentioned, it would indeed give a negative result. However, if drug-testing authorities know exactly the specific structure of JWH018, then it is still possible to detect it. The issue also lies on when is the user tested. This is because JWH018 has a half-life of 2 hours before leaving the body.

The web is a good marketing outlet. So, it is not surprising to come across some false statements and claims in order to sell. Remember, myths do not have proofs while facts always have basis and evidences. In order to distinguish between myths and facts, validating and confirming the credibility of your resources comes first. There are lot of information available, but be sure to believe only the truth and nothing else.

This Article is written by Lena Butler, contributor of Test Country Articles.

JWH-018 Addiction Potential as a Drug

Tuesday, May 18th, 2010

Due to its pharmacological and metabolic characteristics, JWH-018 is addictive and its prolonged use habit forming. As common for cannabinoids, intoxication and withdrawal leads to a great variety of symptoms.  Out of 13 listed signs of dysfunctional behavior and perceptual abnormalities (12) correlated with acute cannabinoid use, JWH-018 users experience a mean average of eleven, segregated as weakness or an anxiety/ depression withdrawal symptom type, namely euphoria, loss of inhibition, anxiety, agitation, suspiciousness or paranoid ideas, impaired judgment, attention and reaction time, interference with personal functioning, auditory and visual hallucinations (13). Type and severity of JWH-018 withdrawal symptoms depends on the length of use, gender, age and family history (14). Studies indicate JWH-018 is habit forming in as little as one week. Withdrawal symptoms are more pronounced in short term than long terms users, due to sort-term users not developing JWH-018 tolerance response. Long term use and age is associated with both types of withdrawal symptoms, weakness and anxiety/ depression while gender is associated with weakness symptoms only, more prevalent in men than women (14). Particularly potent in adolescents and young adults due to high metabolic turnover, JWH-018 withdrawal is correlated with major depressive disorders (15).

Despite the presented data, there is a general lack of targeted studies on long-term effects of JWH-018 in humans. More research is certainly up-coming but until then there is no way to accurately quantify the real extent of consequences of prolonged JWH-018 use. Due to this, caution is advised, JWH-018 use discouraged and made illegal in many countries worldwide.

Synthetic Marijuana Testing

References

12)     The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Diagnostic criteria for research, World Health Organization

13)     Synthetic marijuana, K2, Spice, JWH-018 and Dependence,   DrugMonkey, February 17, 2010 8:24 PM

14)     Cannabis withdrawal in the United States: a general population study, Deborah S. Hasin, Ph.D., Katherine M. Keyes, MPH, Donald Alderson, M.S., Shuang Wang, Ph.D., Efrat Aharonovich, Ph.D.,and Bridget F. Grant, Ph.D., Ph.D, September 9, 2008

15)           Cannabis Withdrawal is Common among Treatment-Seeking Adolescents with Cannabis Dependence and Major Depression, and is Associated with Rapid Relapse to Dependence, Jack R. Cornelius,* Tammy Chung,  Christopher Martin, D. Scott Wood, and Duncan B. Clark, July, 2007



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Answers, comments, information, articles and opinions provided on all TestCountry related webpages are general information, and are not intended to substitute for informed professional medical, psychiatric, counseling, psychological, or other professional advice. You should not use the information on TestCountry for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, or prescribing any medication or other treatment. You should always speak with your physician or other healthcare professional before taking any medication or nutritional, herbal or homeopathic supplement, rehabilitation or detoxification from any substance abuse or adopting any treatment for a health or drug problem.

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