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Archive for the ‘Nicotine & Smoking Related Research Study’ Category

Harmful effects of Physical and Social Exposure of Children to Tobacco Smoke

Thursday, February 23rd, 2012

Children face greater risk to tobacco exposure than adults do. Hence, they are more likely to develop life-threatening diseases because of their immature immune system and smaller respiration rates.

Physical exposure to tobacco smoke which include second hand smoke (SHS) and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) makes children at high risk for developing frightening diseases such as sudden infant death syndrome (SID), acute respiratory infections which include severe asthma and chronic bronchitis, as well as decreased lung functions. Children who are regularly exposed to smoke from smoker parents are even at higher risk in developing such diseases including coronary heart disease (CHD), cognitive impairments, and early emphysema upon adulthood. Signs of children largely affected through smoke exposure may include failure of studies due to decreased in mathematical and visio-spatial reasoning, weakness, and sickly characteristics.

Children who are born with mothers exposed to SHS or chain smokers are prone to have lower birth weight, smaller head circumference, and may possess various congenital anomalies. Exposure to SHS also puts children at risk for developing mental retardation and impaired cognition and behavior.

Social exposure to smoke from movies and films also influence children to initiate tobacco use. The more children start using tobacco, the more likely are the younger ones to follow the same thing. When not controlled, this situation can result to high frequency of tobacco use; therefore, also increasing the number of youngsters who can be affected with the exposure to tobacco exposure.

The susceptibility of children to the dangers and lingering of tobacco use actually highlights the importance of eliminating the exposure to tobacco smoke whether at home, outdoors, or in movies and films.

Prevention of Tobacco Use through Comprehensive Tobacco Control (CTC)

Wednesday, February 22nd, 2012

Preventing tobacco is a difficult and very complicated task. However, it becomes more effective when placed along with a comprehensive strategy.

With this, to minimize the prevalence of tobacco use among teenagers, Canada uses the Comprehensive Tobacco Control (CTC) as one comprehensive strategy to prevent tobacco use among teens. This includes interventions from media and social marketing, no-smoking policies in restricted places, and programs to deter susceptible youth from smoking.

The media plays a great role in preventing tobacco use through information drives and campaigns about the dangers of tobacco. Some non-profit organizations use the social media to create awareness and interactive community to spread and listen to the concerns and dilemmas arising from smoking tobacco. By then, when adolescents knew about, they are more encouraged to deter from smoking.

The prevention of tobacco use through CTC basically aims at three ways: prevention, protection, and cessation. Since the government cannot directly stop tobacco use among teens, authorities prevent tobacco use through policies such as decreasing the supply of tobacco, increasing the price of tobacco, and imposing no-smoking policies in specific areas. The smoke-free policies in public zones, in schools, and at home also encourage smokers to minimize smoking, thus; also protecting non-smokers, especially kids from the exposure to second hand smoke.

The denormalization of CTC to tobacco industries also helps support the total cessation of smoking by reducing the number of tobacco supply.  Otherwise, the high prices of tobacco smoke is also another key to discourage smokers from buying smoke and create the notion that buying goods is better that buying expensive tobacco. When tobacco is at high prices, young people are discouraged to buy at least one and have their allowance saved for something more useful.

The state of Point-of-Sale Promotions of Tobacco Products in Canada

Tuesday, February 21st, 2012

Point-of-sale promotion is one of the important assets of tobacco sales. According to the Canadian Cancer Society, tobacco companies have spent approximately $88 million merely on advertising.

Point-of-sale promotions basically include any means that entice consumers to buy tobacco products such as in-door advertising and placement of tobacco products near to children’s products. This advertising strategy is proven effective in increasing sales of tobacco products. However, this has also become the source of public concerns with regards to the ongoing issue tobacco exposure.

According to studies, point-of-sale promotions for tobacco products increase the risk of children to start smoking and entice more people to do the same. Consequently, 13 provinces in Canada completely banned all point-of-sale promotions through the Smoke- Free Ontario Act. The restriction of the policy was established along with the six jurisdictions across the world. These include Iceland, Thailand, New Zealand, South Africa, Singapore, Singapore, and Australia. Starting in 2006, these countries have already been prohibiting the following instances.

  • Countertop displays
  • Display that permits handling by a purchaser prior to purchase
  • Display of a variety of cigarette cartons and packages
  • Promotional display of illuminated panels
  • Promotional materials and three dimensional exhibits
  • Outside promotional displays

According to the 2006 survey, tobacco sellers respond positively to these restrictions: more than 83 % of them agreed to keep tobacco from sight of children. By 2008, the Health Canada reported only less than 3% of all retailers in Canada who continued point-of-sale advertising such as brand-name signs and outdoor displays. Also, they avoided placing health warnings on tobacco smoking.

Media and social marketing interventions of Tobacco Use

Monday, February 20th, 2012

The media plays a significant role in preventing the number of tobacco users to rise. The two branches of media which include advertising and marketing actually helps deter the youth from getting into the lurking temptation of tobacco abuse.

In preventing the tobacco abuse among youth and young adults, the support of media usually goes along with the comprehensive interventions at schools, small communities, and even at home. With this, authorities create a strategic and comprehensive plan such as the Comprehensive Tobacco Control (CTC) while the media works to spread the awareness and influence more and more people each day.

For instance, school-based tobacco interventions are well broadened up to reach a wider coverage through campaigns and advertising. School combat the prevalence of tobacco use by using school papers and other school publications, awareness lectures and forums, as well as other creative programs as part of the campaign.

Profit and non-profit organization that supports a smoke-free policy also diverge into the social media to reach out a wider coverage of youth around the globe and market ideas. Their websites usually feature information on the side effect of tobacco use, daily update and news regarding the development of tobacco use cessation, as well as blog and forums that allows teens to interact with counselors and other peers to discuss the different concerns and issues arising from tobacco use.

The messages that media usually convey focus on the ways on how to reduce the buy and sell of tobacco products, highlight the social effects and dangers of tobacco, as well as identify the resources available for the groups of youngsters who want to refrain from smoking so that they may be guided and influence others as well.

Causal Effect of Tobacco Exposure for Developing Breast Cancer

Sunday, February 19th, 2012

Strong evidence shows that active smoking has a causal effect on women’s risk of developing breast cancer.  Women who start smoking at early age may develop breast cancer depending on the duration of smoking. Those who continue smoking until adulthood are 30% at risk for developing such disease while it is 50% for those who do not quit at all.

According to studies, active smoking affects women with N-acetyltransferase 2 slow acetylation genotype or NAT2, an enzyme in the body that is responsible for deactivation and activation of carcinogens. Women smokers having NAT2 slow acetylation genotype have 27 percent risk for developing breast cancer compared to those who do not smoke at all. The more these women smoke, the more their chances of developing breast cancer increase. Women having NAT2 fast acetylation genotype has no risk at all.

Women who do not smoke at all are still at risk for developing premenopausal or postmenopausal breast cancer through second hand smoke (SHS) exposure. A meta-analysis published by the California Environmental Protection Agency (CaIEPAdone) and the US Surgeon General suggests that long term exposure to SHS makes women non-smokers 60% to 70% at risk  for breast cancer.

The US Surgeon General still considers the evidence to be insufficient but experts continue to debate on the studies made. Scientists also supposed that there are 7, 000 chemical compounds found in tobacco smoke: 250 of which are harmful to health and 60 plus are carcinogens. A certain study on the causal effect of smoking for developing breast cancer also showed that exposing rodents to 20 chemicals of tobacco smoke caused them to have breast cancer.



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Answers, comments, information, articles and opinions provided on all TestCountry related webpages are general information, and are not intended to substitute for informed professional medical, psychiatric, counseling, psychological, or other professional advice. You should not use the information on TestCountry for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, or prescribing any medication or other treatment. You should always speak with your physician or other healthcare professional before taking any medication or nutritional, herbal or homeopathic supplement, rehabilitation or detoxification from any substance abuse or adopting any treatment for a health or drug problem.

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