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List of Preventable Diseases acquired through Smoking and SHS

January 16th, 2012

In Canada, smoking tobacco is most common with teens than adults. There has been large number of smokers among native Canadians, people with low income, gay population, and gamblers. Second hand smoke, however; is acquired at home, vehicles, and patios. The sad thing is that, health effects of smoking do not choose any age. People involved in such situations are actually at risk with a wide variety of dangerous diseases; some may cause death.

The following are possible health effects to first hand smokers and second hand smokers. It should be noted that smokers are 23 times at risk with these disease than those involved in passive exposure.

Respiratory – problems in the respiratory may occur as nicotine clogs air passages and settles in some parts of the lungs, destroying the alveoli.
  • Acute respiratory   infections
  • Severe asthma
  • Bronchitis
  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
  • Emphysema
  • Reduce respiratory function
Cancer- tobacco smoke contains 4000 chemicals, 40 of which are carcinogens that destroy healthy cells in the body
  • Cancer of the bladder, esophagus, larynx, and kidney
  • Brain tumor
  • Breast cancer in women
  • Cervical cancer
  • Leukemia especially on kids
  • Lung cancer
  • Lymphoma on kids
  • Cancer of the oral cavity, throat, and uterus
Cardiovascular disease – smoking decrease the High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) in the body, thus; decreasing the oxygen that goes up to the heart while increasing blood pressure and heart rate.

  • Abdominal aortic aneurysm
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Coronary heart diseases
  • Peripheral vascular disease
  • Stroke and heart attack
Pregnancy – smoke affects women fertility, as well as the growth and development of the baby during pregnancy
  • Infertility in women
  • Placenta previa
  • Preterm delivery
  • Stillbirth
  • Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Other conditions
  • Osteoporosis
  • Premature death in children
  • Surgical complications
  • Ear problems

Importance of Addressing Tobacco Use among Youth and Young Adults

January 15th, 2012

Adolescents are very prone to smoke addiction. According to the Smoking Survey, a large number of teenage   Canadians have learned to smoke before reaching the age of 18 and these kids consume about 1.7 billion cigarettes every year. With this, the average number of smoke consumed by 15 to 19 years old is 11.7 per day. The bad news is that, more than 90 percent of the youth who started smoking at early age becomes habitual or chain smokers in the future.

In records, the highest numbers of smoking rates were actually recorded among young adults with age 20 to 24 years old at 27 percent; most have become trapped with the addiction until 35 to 40 years. The health risk and the social effects of tobacco addiction have actually pushed the government of Canada to minimize the prevalence of tobacco use among teens through The Smoke-Free Ontario strategy.

The following are the reasons why it is very important to address tobacco use among teens:

  • Improve life expectancy among youth

In a study done by the American Cancer society, quitting smoke at an early age lengthens life by 6 to 8 years, than those who do not.

  • Reduce the risk of acquiring Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and Respiratory Diseases

According to the Nurses’ Health Study, quitting smoke reduces 24 percent of the risk on acquiring coronary heart disease and other disease related to the respiratory system.

  • Reverse its side effects on health

The American Academy of Oral Medicine (AAOM) states that smoking causes high blood pressure and faster heart but smoking the last cigarette causes them to return to normal as fast as 20 minutes. By 15 years of being smoke-free, the risk to cancer is decreased by half.

  • · Avoid further spread of smoke addiction

The Smoke-Free Ontario strategy prohibits people below 19 years old to buy and sell tobacco to prevent the prevalence of smoke abuse.

  • Protect non-smokers who are affected through second hand smoke

Research shows that passive exposure to tobacco increases chances of non-smokers to acquire diseases which chain smokers are at risk of.

Smoking Facts on Youth and Young Adults

January 14th, 2012

Smoke addiction only starts from experimentation. However, such initiations have caused many first time smokers to become regular smokers in the future. This is the reason why the Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey (CTUMS), Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS), and the Youth Smoking Survey (YSS) in Canada have continued to facilitate the number of youths addicted to smoking.

Fortunately, the latest statistics show that the rate of tobacco use among teens is constantly dropping these past few years. From 23 percent of adolescent, age 12 and above, the rate of smokers significantly dropped to 20.8 in 2010 of the entire population in Canada. In records, most of the current and experimental smokers were consist of men. There was a jump from 22 percent in 2009 to 24.2 percent of men smokers in 2010, but the rate of women smokers have consequently dropped from 18.5 in the past years to 17 percent in 2010.

Despite the dropped in the population of smokers, authorities have continued to monitor the remaining number of youth who remained smoking. In addition, the prevalence and susceptibility of more youth have pushed the government to continue facilitating programs to stopped smoke use among youth and adults. In Youth Smoking Survey (YSS) in Canada, data shows 35 percent of 11-13 years old and 31 percent of 14- 15 years old have intentions to smoke in the future or accept the possibility of smoking the next year especially if their best friends offer them to do so. These kids eventually become occasional and regular smokers in the future.

Although smoking rates among youth are found to be smaller, only at 3 percent, compared to adults which accounts to 9.6 percent of the population, most adults who become regular smokers actually started as experimental smokers at age below 18. With this, Canada carries on with the legislation and enforcement that prohibits teenage smoking along with some other programs and supporting organizations.

Tobacco: The Number One Killer in Canada

January 13th, 2012

Smoking tobacco is one of the most dangerous addictions that can lead to cancer and death. Despite it, tobacco use along with other drugs has remained rampant in western societies. In Canada, tobacco use is one of the leading causes of death, accounting to almost 37,000 deaths per year; 11,000 of which die of heart related diseases.

According to research, deaths caused by  tobacco use accounts to a larger number compared to deaths caused by alcohol and drug abuse, suicide, homicides, and other injuries. This is because tobacco use brings up a wide variety of diseases to chain smokers. They get 12 to 23 times the risk of getting lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease than those who do not smoke. Research shows that first hand smoke can actually cause cancer in the larynx, liver, kidneys, nasal sinus, stomach, uterus; and respiratory infections like tuberculosis, bronchitis, severe asthma, and reduced lung function for kids who were found to abuse tobacco before reaching the age of 13. Another disease brought by first hand smoke is the coronary heart disease which contributes to the 29 percent of deaths on Canada. Women smokers are also at risk for infertility, low birth rate, and sudden infant death syndrome for new born babies at birth.

Non-smokers are likewise at risk for the same disease through second hand smoke (SHS). Although the risk may be lower than first hand smoke, SHS risk for breast cancer in women is significantly high. According to records, 6, 300 non-smokers die each year. In addition, there is also an ongoing research for the effects of third hand smoke.

According to the latest survey, the abuse of tobacco among teens and adults has drastically decreased. Research shows that within one year of quitting smoke, about one half will be cut from the people who are at risk for dying with heart disease due to the exposure to second hand smoke. But further use of tobacco would cause approximately one million Canadians to die over the next 20 years as a result of exposure to first hand smoke and second hand smoke.

NFL frequent Drug Testing for Players

January 11th, 2012

As part of the new 10-year collective bargaining agreement, the National Football League (NFL) will continue to administer drug testing for human growth hormone on players for at least once a year and probably more when necessary.

The test will require the players to submit a blood sample which makes the NFL to be the first ever football league to conduct blood testing for steroids and HGH at the major league level. Unlike, their previous drug testing, this season, they will be conducting drug test on game days.

According to the league spokesman Greg Aiello, the athletes can be tested for steroids and HGH up to six times during the off season. Birch also added that there will be “random drug testing throughout the rest of the season, for which players would be chosen based on computer draw” and blood testing during combines and based on reasonable cause.

On the other hand, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) asserts that it is an advantage for the league to conduct drug testing on game days. That is to clear out their reputation and win the game with clean athletes by being drug-free. According to WADA director David Howman, athletes are using HGH for years to increase performance, but the HGH testing is a “significant step in the fight against doping in sports because there is just not that much blood testing done in the world.”

WADA has been conducting drug testing since 2004. Under WADA rules, athletes are subject to an unlimited number of urine and blood test for a panel of drugs. The tests should be conducted in and out of the competition and are given without prior notice. Drug testing will basically test for the presence of drug metabolites in the body by surrendering a sample of urine or blood which will be tested under experts’ supervision.

Meanwhile, there have been many criticisms to the NFL agreement on drug testing regarding lope holes on HGH drug testing. Authorities fear for the obvious chances where athletes could cheat. However, Birch said that NFL could not reveal the full details of the bargaining agreement yet because some parts of it are still under negotiation.

According to records, the use of performance enhancing drugs in the sports of American football has been an ongoing issue since 1980s. NFL, however, began drug testing for steroids during the 1987 season and started out issuing suspensions to players who are found positive during the drug test in 1989. NFL basically prohibits the use and abuse of prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, as well as alcohol which will apply to all players of the team who have not yet retired.

Unlike, drug testing administered in schools, the concerns about drug testing on professional sports is the none uniformity of standards which allows sports leagues such as NFL to set its own rules and drug testing policies. Nevertheless, the Multi-Disciplinary Noise and Environmental Consultancy, asserts that the major aim of drug testing on professional sports is more on treatment of offenders instead of punishment. This is actually in contrast with Olympic Games which focus on punishment and anticipation for the future. Aside from steroids, the NFL Intervention Program also tests for the presence of cocaine, marijuana, codeine, and PCP.



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Answers, comments, information, articles and opinions provided on all TestCountry related webpages are general information, and are not intended to substitute for informed professional medical, psychiatric, counseling, psychological, or other professional advice. You should not use the information on TestCountry for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, or prescribing any medication or other treatment. You should always speak with your physician or other healthcare professional before taking any medication or nutritional, herbal or homeopathic supplement, rehabilitation or detoxification from any substance abuse or adopting any treatment for a health or drug problem.

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